465

Index

biotechnological techniques, 74

tetraploid/hexaploidy wheat varieties, 190

Molecular

adaptations, 356

adaptive responses, 201

biology, 133, 187, 249, 279, 349

chaperones, 168, 193, 418, 420, 422

marker technology, 330

mechanism, 111, 112, 137, 157, 189, 192,

251, 252, 265, 280, 321, 382, 413, 418

modification, 267, 279

pathways, 43, 413, 436

plant

breeding, 168

conditions, 41

techniques, 181, 330, 401

Molybdenum, 440

Monodehydroascorbate reductase, 244

Monoubiquitination, 372

Morphological

consequences, 364

development, 255

mechanisms, 111, 113

mRNA degradation, 240, 278, 375

MspI restriction digestion, 379

Mucor sp., 21, 22

Mucoromyceta, 79

Multicellular

animals, 24

plants, 372

Multidimensional methods, 383

Multifunctional genes, 194

Multigene transfer, 192

Multigenetic nature, 203

Multigenic nature, 190, 192, 203

Multiple stress

conditions, 87

resistant crop plants, 209

Multiprotein bridging factor 1C, 360

Mungbean, 102, 106, 138, 172, 173

resistance, 172

Mungbean yellow mosaic disease, 173

Mustard, 109, 110, 366

Mutualistic

interaction, 64

relationship, 20

Mycelial

network, 83

structure, 79

Mycobacterium, 13, 14

Mycorrhiza, 42–44, 49, 80, 87

induced resistance, 87

Mycorrhizal

association, 79, 112

colonization, 60, 86

fungi, 41, 42, 60, 80, 86

Myoinositiol, 436

N

Naphthalene, 14, 22

Natural

antisense siRNA, 254, 258, 260

antisense transcript derived siRNAs (nat­

siRNA), 249, 258, 277, 278

environment, 209, 239

methylation, 363

remediation techniques, 18

variations, 310, 319

Necrosis, 357, 364

Nematode, 25–27, 86, 175

community

indices, 26

structure, 25

tolerance mechanism, 26

Nematodes, 3, 5, 6, 21–28, 30, 62, 69, 86,

334

Next generation sequencing (NGS), 240,

305–307, 313, 315, 320, 323, 377–379

technology, 266, 313, 320, 321

Nickel, 78, 440

Nicotiana, 71, 172, 272, 277, 333, 337, 338,

404, 405, 437, 440

benthamiana, 172, 333, 337, 338, 404, 405

tabacum, 333, 437, 440

Nicotianamine, 112

Nicotine adenine dinucleotide, 374

Nitrate reductase, 104, 141, 147

Nitric oxide, 5, 63, 104–107, 112, 115, 148,

149

Nitrogen, 9, 43, 46, 47, 49, 51, 59, 60, 62,

65, 72, 73, 79, 80, 83, 107, 116, 142, 146,

433, 440

oxygen species, 51

Noccaea caerulescens, 363

Nodule formation, 72, 79

Nonanucleotide sequences, 337

Non-catalytic functions, 28

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), 374, 375